In recent years, the payments industry has faced an unprecedented surge in Authorized Push Payment (APP) fraud, presenting significant challenges for financial institutions, regulators, and consumers alike. Despite the implementation of measures such as Confirmation of Payee (CoP) and the Contingent Reimbursement Model (CRM), the problem has continued to escalate, exacerbated by changing consumer behaviours and economic pressures.
The scale of the issue is staggering. According to UK Finance, APP fraud cases rose by 12% year-on-year in 2023, with losses amounting to £460 million. This trend is not isolated to the UK; globally, the cost of eCommerce fraud to merchants is projected to exceed $48 billion in 2023 (Juniper Research). These figures underscore the urgent need for more effective fraud prevention strategies across the payments ecosystem.
Regulatory Measures: A Step in the Right Direction
The industry has witnessed a flurry of regulatory activity aimed at combating APP fraud. The Payment Systems Regulator (PSR) has proposed mandatory reimbursement for APP fraud victims, with banks required to reimburse customers within 5 business days, barring limited exceptions. While these measures represent a significant step forward, they can’t stop the fraud at the source. As history has shown with card fraud, regulatory changes alone are unlikely to completely eradicate the problem.
However, the new regulations are expected to bring about a step change in the industry. By establishing consistent minimum standards for victim reimbursement, they aim to create a more uniform approach to fraud prevention and mitigation across financial institutions. This alignment, although the source of much debate, could lead to improved customer protection by placing the responsibility on the card issuer to ensure adequate protections.
The Promise of AI-Driven Fraud Prevention
As the fraud landscape becomes increasingly complex, the payments industry is turning to artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) as powerful tools in the fight against financial crime. Companies like Thredd are at the forefront of this technological revolution, partnering with specialists such as FeatureSpace to develop advanced AI solutions that can tackle both APP and card fraud simultaneously.
The potential of AI in fraud prevention is immense. These systems can analyse vast amounts of transaction data in real-time, identifying anomalous patterns that may indicate fraudulent activity. Moreover, AI models can adapt and learn from new fraud tactics, potentially staying one step ahead of criminals. With seamless integration through an existing connection to Thredd, our clients have access to solutions that can provide a rapid and scalable approach to enhancing fraud defences.
Digital Identities: A Double-Edged Sword
The role of digital identities in mitigating fraud risk is nuanced. While basic identity verification can offer some protection, the true potential lies in more comprehensive digital identity systems that validate multiple aspects of an individual's digital footprint. However, this approach is not without risks. As digital identities become more integral to our lives, they also become more attractive targets for cybercriminals, potentially leading to data breaches and misuse by third parties.
The payments industry must carefully balance the benefits of robust digital identity systems with the need for stringent data protection measures. Collaboration between financial institutions, technology providers, and regulators will be crucial in developing secure and effective digital identity solutions.
Enhancing Public Awareness and Education
Regulators and governments have a vital role to play in supporting industry efforts to combat payment-related fraud. One key area for improvement is public education about scams and fraud prevention. This could include increased information dissemination through banks, targeted media campaigns, and the integration of fraud awareness education into the school curriculum.
By focusing on prevention rather than just reimbursement, the industry can work towards reducing the number of victims in the first place.
The Critical Role of Data and Intelligence Sharing
Data and intelligence sharing are fundamental to effective fraud prevention. Without comprehensive data sharing, it becomes nearly impossible to prevent APP fraud without significantly impacting legitimate transactions. The payments industry must strive to create open platforms for data sharing, enabling a collective defence against fraudulent activities.
As the payments industry continues to grapple with the evolving threat of APP fraud, a multi-faceted approach combining regulatory measures, technological innovation, public education, and industry collaboration is essential. While challenges remain, the concerted efforts of financial institutions, technology providers, and regulators offer hope for a more secure payment ecosystem in the future. By leveraging AI, enhancing digital identity systems, and fostering greater data sharing, the industry can work towards mitigating the impact of fraud and maintaining consumer trust in digital payments.
